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Differentiating an accumulation function via FTC Part 1

Let F(x)=∫0xttan⁡(t) dt.F(x) = \int_0^x t\tan(t)\, dt. Using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, find F′(π/4)F'(\pi/4).

Hint

By FTC Part 1, F′(x)=f(x)F'(x) = f(x) where f(t)=ttan⁡(t)f(t) = t\tan(t) is the integrand. There is no chain rule needed here since the upper limit is simply xx. Just substitute x=π/4x = \pi/4 into the integrand.

Step-by-step solution

By the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus Part 1, since the integrand f(t)=ttan⁡(t)f(t) = t\tan(t) is continuous near t=π/4t = \pi/4, we have F′(x)=f(x)=xtan⁡(x)F'(x) = f(x) = x\tan(x) for all such xx. This directly gives the derivative of the accumulation function without needing to compute the integral itself.

Substituting x=π/4x = \pi/4 gives F′(π/4)=π4tan⁡(π4)F'(\pi/4) = \dfrac{\pi}{4}\tan\left(\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right). Since tan⁡(π/4)=1\tan(\pi/4) = 1, this simplifies to F′(π/4)=π4F'(\pi/4) = \dfrac{\pi}{4}.

Identifying the integrand from the accumulation function

Hint
Step-by-step solution

The function substituted was the original integrand, t times tangent of t, rewritten with x in place of t. By FTC Part 1, F prime of x equals this integrand evaluated at x, namely x tangent x. No differentiation of the integral itself was needed, only replacing t with x in the integrand.

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