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Derivative of an accumulation function at a point

Let F(x)=∫0xarctan⁡(t) dt.F(x) = \int_0^x \arctan(t)\, dt. Find F′(1)F'(1).

Hint

Use the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, Part 1: since the upper limit is simply xx (not a composite function), F′(x)=f(x)F'(x) = f(x) where f(t)=arctan⁡(t)f(t) = \arctan(t) is the integrand. Just evaluate the integrand at x=1x=1.

Step-by-step solution

By FTC Part 1, since F(x)=∫0xarctan⁡(t) dtF(x) = \int_0^x \arctan(t)\, dt with continuous integrand f(t)=arctan⁡(t)f(t) = \arctan(t), we know F′(x)=f(x)=arctan⁡(x)F'(x) = f(x) = \arctan(x) for all xx. Note the upper limit here is just xx itself, so no chain rule adjustment is needed.

Substituting x=1x = 1 gives F′(1)=arctan⁡(1)F'(1) = \arctan(1). Since arctan⁡(1)=π/4\arctan(1) = \pi/4, we conclude F′(1)=π/4F'(1) = \pi/4.

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