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Derivative of a quotient involving sine and cosine

Let h(x)=1+cos⁡(x)1−sin⁡(x).h(x) = \dfrac{1 + \cos(x)}{1 - \sin(x)}. Find h′(x)h'(x).

Hint

Use the quotient rule with f(x)=1+cos⁡(x)f(x) = 1+\cos(x) and g(x)=1−sin⁡(x)g(x) = 1-\sin(x). Remember ddx[cos⁡x]=−sin⁡x\frac{d}{dx}[\cos x] = -\sin x and ddx[sin⁡x]=cos⁡x\frac{d}{dx}[\sin x] = \cos x, then simplify the resulting expression.

Step-by-step solution

Apply the quotient rule: h′(x)=f′(x)g(x)−f(x)g′(x)[g(x)]2h'(x) = \dfrac{f'(x)g(x) - f(x)g'(x)}{[g(x)]^2} with f(x)=1+cos⁡(x)f(x) = 1+\cos(x), so f′(x)=−sin⁡(x)f'(x) = -\sin(x), and g(x)=1−sin⁡(x)g(x) = 1-\sin(x), so g′(x)=−cos⁡(x)g'(x) = -\cos(x).

Substituting gives h′(x)=−sin⁡(x)(1−sin⁡(x))−(1+cos⁡(x))(−cos⁡(x))(1−sin⁡(x))2h'(x) = \dfrac{-\sin(x)(1-\sin(x)) - (1+\cos(x))(-\cos(x))}{(1-\sin(x))^2}. Expanding the numerator: −sin⁡x+sin⁡2x+cos⁡x+cos⁡2x=cos⁡x−sin⁡x+1-\sin x + \sin^2 x + \cos x + \cos^2 x = \cos x - \sin x + 1 (using sin⁡2x+cos⁡2x=1\sin^2 x + \cos^2 x = 1). So h′(x)=1+cos⁡(x)−sin⁡(x)(1−sin⁡(x))2h'(x) = \dfrac{1 + \cos(x) - \sin(x)}{(1-\sin(x))^2}.

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