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Derivative of an accumulation function with variable lower limit

Let F(x)=∫x5(t2+4) dt.F(x) = \int_x^5 (t^2 + 4)\, dt. Find F′(x)F'(x).

Hint

The variable is the lower limit, not the upper limit. Rewrite the integral by swapping the limits (which introduces a negative sign) so that xx becomes the upper limit, then apply FTC Part 1.

Step-by-step solution

Since xx appears as the lower limit, first rewrite the integral using the property ∫x5f(t) dt=−∫5xf(t) dt\int_x^5 f(t)\,dt = -\int_5^x f(t)\,dt. So F(x)=−∫5x(t2+4) dt.F(x) = -\int_5^x (t^2+4)\,dt.

Now apply FTC Part 1 to ∫5x(t2+4) dt\int_5^x (t^2+4)\,dt: its derivative with respect to xx is simply x2+4x^2+4 (the integrand evaluated at the upper limit, since the upper limit is just xx itself). Therefore F′(x)=−(x2+4)=−x2−4.F'(x) = -(x^2+4) = -x^2 - 4.

Sign change from swapping integral limits

Hint
Step-by-step solution

The answer is negative. Swapping the limits of an integral, using the property that the integral from x to five equals the negative of the integral from five to x, introduces a minus sign in front of the expression. This negative sign must be carried through when applying FTC Part 1 to differentiate the rewritten accumulation function.

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