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Chain rule with sine and cosine composition

Let f(x)=sin⁡(cos⁡(x))f(x) = \sin(\cos(x)). Find f′(x)f'(x), and then evaluate f′(π2)f'\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right).

Hint

Identify the outer function as sin⁡(u)\sin(u) and the inner function as u=cos⁡(x)u = \cos(x). Apply the chain rule: f′(x)=cos⁡(cos⁡(x))⋅(−sin⁡(x))f'(x) = \cos(\cos(x)) \cdot (-\sin(x)), then plug in x=π/2x = \pi/2.

Step-by-step solution

Write f(x)=sin⁡(cos⁡(x))f(x) = \sin(\cos(x)) as a composition of an outer function sin⁡(u)\sin(u) and inner function u=cos⁡(x)u = \cos(x). By the chain rule, f′(x)=cos⁡(cos⁡(x))⋅ddx[cos⁡(x)]=cos⁡(cos⁡(x))⋅(−sin⁡(x))f'(x) = \cos(\cos(x)) \cdot \frac{d}{dx}[\cos(x)] = \cos(\cos(x)) \cdot (-\sin(x)). So f′(x)=−sin⁡(x)cos⁡(cos⁡(x))f'(x) = -\sin(x)\cos(\cos(x)).

Now substitute x=π/2x = \pi/2: we have sin⁡(π/2)=1\sin(\pi/2) = 1 and cos⁡(π/2)=0\cos(\pi/2) = 0, so cos⁡(cos⁡(π/2))=cos⁡(0)=1\cos(\cos(\pi/2)) = \cos(0) = 1. Therefore f′(π/2)=−1⋅1=−1f'(\pi/2) = -1 \cdot 1 = -1.

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