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Chain rule with a square root and a natural log

Let h(x)=ln⁡(x+1)h(x) = \sqrt{\ln(x+1)}. Find h′(1)h'(1).

Hint

Write h(x)=[ln⁡(x+1)]1/2h(x) = [\ln(x+1)]^{1/2} as a composite of an outer power function and an inner function g(x)=ln⁡(x+1)g(x) = \ln(x+1). Apply the chain rule, remembering that the derivative of the inner function ln⁡(x+1)\ln(x+1) itself requires the chain rule since its argument is x+1x+1, not just xx.

Step-by-step solution

Write h(x)=u1/2h(x) = u^{1/2} where u=ln⁡(x+1)u = \ln(x+1). By the chain rule, h′(x)=12u−1/2⋅dudxh'(x) = \frac{1}{2} u^{-1/2} \cdot \frac{du}{dx}. Since u=ln⁡(x+1)u = \ln(x+1), another application of the chain rule gives dudx=1x+1\frac{du}{dx} = \frac{1}{x+1}.

Combining these, h′(x)=12ln⁡(x+1)⋅1x+1h'(x) = \dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{\ln(x+1)}} \cdot \dfrac{1}{x+1}. Now substitute x=1x = 1: ln⁡(1+1)=ln⁡2\ln(1+1) = \ln 2 and x+1=2x+1 = 2, so h′(1)=12ln⁡2⋅2=14ln⁡2h'(1) = \dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{\ln 2}\cdot 2} = \dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{\ln 2}}.

Identifying the outer function in the composite

Hint
Step-by-step solution

The outer function is the square root. We wrote h of x as u to the one half power where u equals the natural log of x plus one, so the outer layer applies square root to whatever the inner function produces. The inner function, natural log of x plus one, is applied first, then the square root is applied last.

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