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Chain rule with a quotient raised to a power

Let f(x)=(2x+1x−3)5.f(x) = \left(\dfrac{2x+1}{x-3}\right)^5. Find f′(x)f'(x).

Hint

Treat f(x)=u5f(x) = u^5 where u=2x+1x−3u = \dfrac{2x+1}{x-3}. Apply the chain rule to differentiate the outer power function, then use the quotient rule to find u′u'.

Step-by-step solution

Write f(x)=u5f(x) = u^5 with u=2x+1x−3u = \dfrac{2x+1}{x-3}. By the chain rule, f′(x)=5u4⋅u′=5(2x+1x−3)4⋅u′f'(x) = 5u^4 \cdot u' = 5\left(\dfrac{2x+1}{x-3}\right)^4 \cdot u', so we need u′u' next.

Using the quotient rule on u=2x+1x−3u = \dfrac{2x+1}{x-3}: u′=2(x−3)−(2x+1)(1)(x−3)2=2x−6−2x−1(x−3)2=−7(x−3)2u' = \dfrac{2(x-3) - (2x+1)(1)}{(x-3)^2} = \dfrac{2x-6-2x-1}{(x-3)^2} = \dfrac{-7}{(x-3)^2}. Substituting back gives f′(x)=5(2x+1x−3)4⋅−7(x−3)2=−35(2x+1)4(x−3)6f'(x) = 5\left(\dfrac{2x+1}{x-3}\right)^4 \cdot \dfrac{-7}{(x-3)^2} = \dfrac{-35(2x+1)^4}{(x-3)^6}.

Identifying the outer function in the chain rule setup

Hint
Step-by-step solution

The outer function was u raised to the fifth power, since f was written as u to the fifth with u equal to the quotient. The chain rule required differentiating this power first, giving five u to the fourth times u prime, before substituting the quotient rule result for u prime. The answer is the fifth power, or simply five.

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