← Back to learning objective

Product rule with sqrt(x) and tan(x)

Let h(x)=x⋅tan⁡(x)h(x) = \sqrt{x} \cdot \tan(x). Find h′(π4)h'\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right).

Hint

Use the product rule: h′(x)=(x)′tan⁡(x)+x(tan⁡(x))′h'(x) = \left(\sqrt{x}\right)' \tan(x) + \sqrt{x}\left(\tan(x)\right)'. Recall that ddxx=12x\frac{d}{dx}\sqrt{x} = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}} and ddxtan⁡(x)=sec⁡2(x)\frac{d}{dx}\tan(x) = \sec^2(x). Then plug in x=π/4x = \pi/4, using tan⁡(π/4)=1\tan(\pi/4) = 1 and sec⁡2(π/4)=2\sec^2(\pi/4) = 2.

Step-by-step solution

Write h(x)=f(x)g(x)h(x) = f(x)g(x) with f(x)=xf(x) = \sqrt{x} and g(x)=tan⁡(x)g(x) = \tan(x). Then f′(x)=12xf'(x) = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}} and g′(x)=sec⁡2(x)g'(x) = \sec^2(x). By the product rule, h′(x)=12xtan⁡(x)+xsec⁡2(x)h'(x) = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}\tan(x) + \sqrt{x}\sec^2(x).

Now substitute x=π/4x = \pi/4. We have π/4=π2\sqrt{\pi/4} = \frac{\sqrt{\pi}}{2}, tan⁡(π/4)=1\tan(\pi/4) = 1, and sec⁡2(π/4)=2\sec^2(\pi/4) = 2. Therefore, h′(π/4)=12⋅π2⋅1+π2⋅2=1π+π=1+ππ≈2.34h'(\pi/4) = \frac{1}{2 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\pi}}{2}} \cdot 1 + \frac{\sqrt{\pi}}{2} \cdot 2 = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\pi}} + \sqrt{\pi} = \frac{1 + \pi}{\sqrt{\pi}} \approx 2.34.

Identifying the product rule terms

In part (a), besides xsec⁡2(x)\sqrt{x} \sec^2(x), what other term did you add?

Hint
Step-by-step solution

The other term is 12xtan⁡(x)\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}\tan(x), which comes from differentiating the square root factor while leaving tangent unchanged, per the product rule. The two terms summed give the full derivative. Recognizing both pieces confirms correct application of the product rule.

Related problems

Practice similar Calculus problems interactively.

Start Closing the Gap