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End behavior of a rational function with numerator degree greater than denominator degree

Consider the function g(x)=2x3−xx2+5g(x) = \dfrac{2x^3 - x}{x^2 + 5}.

Evaluate lim⁡x→∞2x3−xx2+5\displaystyle\lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{2x^3 - x}{x^2 + 5}, and use this result to determine whether g(x)g(x) has a horizontal asymptote as x→∞x \to \infty. State the value of the limit (or indicate that it is +∞+\infty or −∞-\infty), and explain what this tells you about a horizontal asymptote.

Hint

Compare the degree of the numerator to the degree of the denominator. When the numerator's degree is larger, dividing every term by the highest power of xx in the denominator shows the dominant term grows without bound.

Step-by-step solution

Here the numerator 2x3−x2x^3 - x has degree 3, while the denominator x2+5x^2+5 has degree 2. Since the degree of the numerator is greater than the degree of the denominator, the rational function grows without bound as x→∞x\to\infty, so the limit is not a finite number.

To see this explicitly, divide numerator and denominator by x2x^2: g(x)=2x−1/x1+5/x2g(x) = \dfrac{2x - 1/x}{1 + 5/x^2}. As x→∞x \to \infty, the terms 1/x1/x and 5/x25/x^2 vanish, leaving g(x)≈2xg(x) \approx 2x, which grows to +∞+\infty. Therefore lim⁡x→∞g(x)=+∞\lim_{x\to\infty} g(x) = +\infty, and since the limit is infinite (not a finite value LL), g(x)g(x) has no horizontal asymptote.

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