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Applying the IVT to show a value is attained

Consider the function f(x)=x3−xf(x) = x^3 - x on the closed interval [−2,2][-2, 2].

Use the Intermediate Value Theorem to show that there exists some cc in (−2,2)(-2, 2) such that f(c)=5f(c) = 5. Your argument should state the values of f(−2)f(-2) and f(2)f(2), explain why the IVT applies, and explain why 55 is a value the theorem guarantees is attained.

Hint

First check that ff is continuous on [−2,2][-2,2] (it's a polynomial). Then compute f(−2)f(-2) and f(2)f(2), and check whether 55 lies between these two values.

Step-by-step solution

Since f(x)=x3−xf(x) = x^3 - x is a polynomial, it is continuous everywhere, and in particular continuous on the closed interval [−2,2][-2, 2]. This satisfies the hypothesis needed to apply the Intermediate Value Theorem on this interval.

Next, evaluate the endpoints: f(−2)=(−2)3−(−2)=−8+2=−6f(-2) = (-2)^3 - (-2) = -8 + 2 = -6, and f(2)=23−2=8−2=6f(2) = 2^3 - 2 = 8 - 2 = 6. Since −6<5<6-6 < 5 < 6, the value N=5N = 5 lies strictly between f(−2)f(-2) and f(2)f(2).

By the Intermediate Value Theorem, since ff is continuous on [−2,2][-2,2] and 55 lies between f(−2)=−6f(-2) = -6 and f(2)=6f(2) = 6, there must exist at least one cc in (−2,2)(-2, 2) with f(c)=5f(c) = 5. This proves the desired conclusion.

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