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Estimating a limit numerically near x = 0

Consider the function f(x)=1x+2−12xf(x) = \dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x+2} - \dfrac{1}{2}}{x} Note that f(0)f(0) is undefined, since plugging in x=0x=0 gives 0/00/0. We want to understand the behavior of f(x)f(x) for xx values very close to 00, but not equal to 00.

Build a table of values of f(x)f(x) for xx close to 00 on both sides, such as x=−0.1,−0.01,−0.001x = -0.1, -0.01, -0.001 and x=0.1,0.01,0.001x = 0.1, 0.01, 0.001. Use your table to estimate lim⁡x→01x+2−12x.\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\dfrac{1}{x+2} - \dfrac{1}{2}}{x}.

Estimating a limit numerically near x = 0 graph
Hint

Simplify the complex fraction first by combining 1x+2−12\frac{1}{x+2} - \frac{1}{2} into a single fraction over a common denominator; this will help you compute values without worrying about round-off error when xx is tiny. Then plug in values of xx approaching 0 from each side.

Step-by-step solution

First, combine the numerator into a single fraction: 1x+2−12=2−(x+2)2(x+2)=−x2(x+2)\dfrac{1}{x+2} - \dfrac{1}{2} = \dfrac{2 - (x+2)}{2(x+2)} = \dfrac{-x}{2(x+2)}. Dividing this by xx (for x≠0x \neq 0) gives f(x)=−x2(x+2)x=−12(x+2)f(x) = \dfrac{-x}{2(x+2)x} = \dfrac{-1}{2(x+2)}, which is much easier to evaluate near x=0x=0.

Now compute values as x→0−x \to 0^-: for x=−0.1,−0.01,−0.001x = -0.1, -0.01, -0.001, f(x)≈−0.2632,−0.2506,−0.2501f(x) \approx -0.2632, -0.2506, -0.2501, approaching −0.25-0.25. As x→0+x \to 0^+: for x=0.1,0.01,0.001x = 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, f(x)≈−0.2381,−0.2494,−0.2499f(x) \approx -0.2381, -0.2494, -0.2499, also approaching −0.25-0.25. Since both sides trend toward the same value, we conclude the limit exists and equals −0.25-0.25.

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