← Back to learning objective

Estimating a limit numerically near a point where the function is undefined

Consider the function f(x)=x+4−2xf(x) = \dfrac{\sqrt{x+4} - 2}{x}. We want to investigate the behavior of f(x)f(x) as xx approaches 00, even though f(x)f(x) is not defined at x=0x = 0 itself.

The function f(x)=x+4−2xf(x) = \dfrac{\sqrt{x+4}-2}{x} is undefined at x=0x=0 (it gives 00\frac{0}{0}). To estimate lim⁡x→0f(x)\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 0} f(x), compute the value of f(x)f(x) at several xx-values close to 00 from both sides, such as x=−0.1,−0.01,−0.001,0.001,0.01,0.1x = -0.1, -0.01, -0.001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1.

Estimating a limit numerically near a point where the function is undefined graph

Based on your table of values and the graph, what value does f(x)f(x) appear to approach as x→0x \to 0?

Hint

Plug in values of xx very close to 00 (both slightly negative and slightly positive) into f(x)f(x) using a calculator, and see what single number the outputs seem to be closing in on. Note the point x=0x=0 itself is not needed — only nearby values.

Step-by-step solution

Evaluating f(x)f(x) at values like x=±0.1,±0.01,±0.001x = \pm 0.1, \pm 0.01, \pm 0.001 gives outputs that all round to approximately 0.250.25 regardless of whether xx approaches 00 from the left or the right. For instance, f(0.01)=4.01−20.01≈0.24998f(0.01) = \dfrac{\sqrt{4.01}-2}{0.01} \approx 0.24998 and f(−0.01)=3.99−2−0.01≈0.25002f(-0.01) = \dfrac{\sqrt{3.99}-2}{-0.01} \approx 0.25002.

Since the values from both sides settle toward the same number as xx gets closer to 00, we conclude the two-sided limit exists and equals that common value. Note that f(0)f(0) itself is not defined (it's 0/00/0), but this doesn't matter for the limit — only the behavior of nearby values matters, and here lim⁡x→0f(x)=0.25=14\lim_{x\to0} f(x) = 0.25 = \tfrac{1}{4}.

Related problems

Practice similar Calculus problems interactively.

Start Closing the Gap