Evaluating a piecewise integral via area formulas
Consider the piecewise function
The graph of on consists of two line segments and a semicircle, as shown below.
Using the fact that each piece forms a triangle or a semicircle with the x-axis, evaluate
Hint
Break the integral into three pieces using additivity over adjacent intervals: , , and . Identify the shape formed by each piece (right triangle, semicircle, right triangle) and compute its area, paying attention to whether the region lies above or below the x-axis.
Step-by-step solution
On , the line forms a right triangle above the x-axis with vertices at , , and ; its base is and height is , so the area is . On , the line forms a right triangle above the x-axis with vertices at , , and ; its base is and height is , giving area . Both triangles lie entirely above the x-axis, so both contribute positive area to the integral.
On , traces the upper half of the unit circle, so this piece is a semicircle of radius above the x-axis, with area . Using additivity over adjacent intervals,
Identifying the shape of the middle piece
Hint
Step-by-step solution
The middle piece is a semicircle. On the interval from negative one to one, the function equals the square root of one minus x squared, which traces the upper half of a unit circle sitting above the horizontal axis.
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