← Back to learning objective

Derivative of an accumulation function with absolute value integrand

Let F(x)=∫0x∣t−3∣ dtF(x) = \displaystyle\int_0^x |t-3|\, dt.

Using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, find F′(x)F'(x), and state the value(s) of xx in the domain where FF fails to be differentiable.

Hint

FTC Part 1 says F′(x)=f(x)F'(x) = f(x) where f(t)=∣t−3∣f(t) = |t-3| is the integrand, provided ff is continuous at xx. Think about where the integrand itself has a corner (is not differentiable), since that is where trouble can occur.

Step-by-step solution

By FTC Part 1, since the integrand f(t)=∣t−3∣f(t) = |t-3| is continuous everywhere, F′(x)=f(x)=∣x−3∣F'(x) = f(x) = |x-3| for every real xx. This holds directly from the theorem: differentiating an accumulation function just evaluates the integrand at the upper limit, with no chain rule needed here since the upper limit is simply xx.

Now consider where F′(x)=∣x−3∣F'(x) = |x-3| itself fails to be differentiable, since FF is differentiable wherever F′F' exists as a genuine derivative — this requires F′(x)=∣x−3∣F'(x)=|x-3| to be smooth. The function ∣x−3∣|x-3| has a sharp corner at x=3x=3 (it is not differentiable there, since the left and right derivatives are −1-1 and 11 respectively). Therefore F(x)F(x) is not differentiable at x=3x=3, even though FF itself is continuous there.

Location of the corner point in F prime

Hint
Step-by-step solution

The answer is x equals three. F prime of x equals the absolute value of x minus three, and this function has a sharp corner exactly where the expression inside the absolute value is zero. That occurs at x equals three, so this is the one point where F fails to be differentiable.

Related problems

Practice similar Calculus problems interactively.

Start Closing the Gap