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Sigma notation for a sum of squares of odd numbers

Consider the odd numbers from 1 to 15: 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,151, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15.

Write the sum 12+32+52+72+92+112+132+1521^2 + 3^2 + 5^2 + 7^2 + 9^2 + 11^2 + 13^2 + 15^2 in sigma notation (using an index ii ranging over consecutive integers), and then evaluate the sum. State both the sigma notation expression and its numerical value.

Hint

Each term has the form (2i−1)2(2i-1)^2 for consecutive integers ii. Figure out which value of ii gives the first term (1) and which gives the last term (15), then add up the terms directly.

Step-by-step solution

The odd numbers 1,3,5,…,151, 3, 5, \dots, 15 can be written as 2i−12i - 1 for i=1,2,…,8i = 1, 2, \dots, 8, since 2(1)−1=12(1)-1=1 and 2(8)−1=152(8)-1=15. So the sum of their squares is ∑i=18(2i−1)2.\sum_{i=1}^{8} (2i-1)^2.

Evaluating term by term: 12+32+52+72+92+112+132+152=1+9+25+49+81+121+169+2251^2+3^2+5^2+7^2+9^2+11^2+13^2+15^2 = 1+9+25+49+81+121+169+225. Adding these values gives 680680.

Therefore ∑i=18(2i−1)2=680\sum_{i=1}^{8}(2i-1)^2 = 680.

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