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Antiderivative of a sum of trig derivative forms

Find the general antiderivative of h(x)=sec⁡(x)tan⁡(x)+csc⁡2(x).h(x) = \sec(x)\tan(x) + \csc^2(x).

Hint

Recall which basic trig functions have sec⁡(x)tan⁡(x)\sec(x)\tan(x) and csc⁡2(x)\csc^2(x) as their derivatives, then reverse those derivative rules. Don't forget the constant of integration.

Step-by-step solution

Recall that ddx[sec⁡x]=sec⁡xtan⁡x\frac{d}{dx}[\sec x] = \sec x \tan x, so an antiderivative of sec⁡(x)tan⁡(x)\sec(x)\tan(x) is sec⁡x\sec x. Also recall that ddx[cot⁡x]=−csc⁡2x\frac{d}{dx}[\cot x] = -\csc^2 x, so an antiderivative of csc⁡2(x)\csc^2(x) is −cot⁡x-\cot x.

Since integration is linear, we can antidifferentiate each term separately and add the results. This gives sec⁡x−cot⁡x\sec x - \cot x, and since h(x)h(x) is defined on an interval where these are differentiable, we must add an arbitrary constant CC to capture all antiderivatives: H(x)=sec⁡x−cot⁡x+C.H(x) = \sec x - \cot x + C.

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