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Chain rule with a base-2 exponential composite function

Let f(x)=2x2−1f(x) = 2^{x^2 - 1}. Find f′(x)f'(x).

Hint

Recall that ddx[2u]=2uln⁡(2)⋅dudx\frac{d}{dx}[2^u] = 2^u \ln(2) \cdot \frac{du}{dx}, where u=u(x)u = u(x) is the inner function. Identify the inner function here as u(x)=x2−1u(x) = x^2 - 1, then apply the chain rule.

Step-by-step solution

Write f(x)=2u(x)f(x) = 2^{u(x)} where the inner function is u(x)=x2−1u(x) = x^2 - 1. For a base-aa exponential, the general differentiation rule is ddx[au]=auln⁡(a)⋅u′(x)\frac{d}{dx}[a^{u}] = a^{u} \ln(a) \cdot u'(x), which comes from writing au=euln⁡aa^u = e^{u\ln a} and applying the chain rule with the exponential rule ddx[ex]=ex\frac{d}{dx}[e^x] = e^x.

Here a=2a = 2 and u′(x)=ddx[x2−1]=2xu'(x) = \frac{d}{dx}[x^2 - 1] = 2x. Substituting into the rule gives f′(x)=2x2−1ln⁡(2)⋅(2x)f'(x) = 2^{x^2-1} \ln(2) \cdot (2x), which simplifies to f′(x)=2xln⁡(2)⋅2x2−1f'(x) = 2x \ln(2) \cdot 2^{x^2 - 1}.

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