← Back to learning objective

Second derivative of ln(sec x)

Let f(x)=ln⁡(sec⁡x)f(x) = \ln(\sec x). Find f′′(x)f''(x).

Hint

First find f′(x)f'(x) using the chain rule, recalling that the derivative of sec⁡x\sec x is sec⁡xtan⁡x\sec x \tan x. Simplify f′(x)f'(x) before differentiating again.

Step-by-step solution

By the chain rule, f′(x)=1sec⁡x⋅sec⁡xtan⁡x=tan⁡xf'(x) = \dfrac{1}{\sec x}\cdot \sec x \tan x = \tan x. This simplification makes the next differentiation much easier.

Now differentiate f′(x)=tan⁡xf'(x) = \tan x to get f′′(x)=sec⁡2xf''(x) = \sec^2 x, using the known derivative of tangent.

Related problems

Practice similar Calculus problems interactively.

Start Closing the Gap