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Classify the discontinuity at x = 3

Consider the function d(x)={x2−9x−3x≠35x=3d(x) = \begin{cases} \dfrac{x^2 - 9}{x - 3} & x \neq 3 \\ 5 & x = 3 \end{cases}

Determine whether d(x)d(x) is continuous at x=3x = 3. If it is not, use the three-part continuity test to identify which condition fails, and classify the discontinuity at x=3x = 3 as removable, jump, or infinite.

Hint

Simplify x2−9x−3\frac{x^2-9}{x-3} by factoring the numerator for x≠3x \neq 3, then compute lim⁡x→3d(x)\lim_{x\to 3} d(x) and compare it to the given value d(3)=5d(3) = 5.

Step-by-step solution

For x≠3x \neq 3, factor the numerator: x2−9x−3=(x−3)(x+3)x−3=x+3\frac{x^2-9}{x-3} = \frac{(x-3)(x+3)}{x-3} = x+3. Since x≠3x \neq 3 in this piece, the cancellation is valid, so d(x)=x+3d(x) = x+3 for all xx near 3 except at 3 itself. Therefore lim⁡x→3d(x)=lim⁡x→3(x+3)=6\lim_{x\to 3} d(x) = \lim_{x\to 3}(x+3) = 6.

Checking the three conditions for continuity at x=3x=3: (1) d(3)=5d(3) = 5 is defined, (2) lim⁡x→3d(x)=6\lim_{x\to 3} d(x) = 6 exists, but (3) the limit does not equal d(3)d(3) since 6≠56 \neq 5. The third condition fails, so d(x)d(x) is discontinuous at x=3x=3. Since the limit exists but does not equal the function value, this is a removable discontinuity. The discontinuity could be removed by redefining d(3)=6d(3) = 6.

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