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Applying the IVT to prove existence of a root

Consider the function f(x)=x−2xf(x) = \sqrt{x} - \dfrac{2}{x} on the interval [1,4][1, 4].

Use the Intermediate Value Theorem to show that there exists a number cc in (1,4)(1, 4) such that f(c)=0f(c) = 0, where f(x)=x−2xf(x) = \sqrt{x} - \dfrac{2}{x}. In your answer, state why ff is continuous on [1,4][1,4], compute f(1)f(1) and f(4)f(4), and explain how the IVT guarantees the existence of such a cc.

Hint

Check that ff is built from functions continuous on [1,4][1,4] (no division by zero or negative square roots there), then evaluate ff at both endpoints and look at the signs.

Step-by-step solution

The function f(x)=x−2xf(x) = \sqrt{x} - \dfrac{2}{x} is continuous on [1,4][1,4] because x\sqrt{x} is continuous for x≥0x \ge 0 and 2/x2/x is continuous for x≠0x \ne 0; since [1,4][1,4] contains neither a negative number nor 00, ff is a difference of two functions continuous on all of [1,4][1,4], hence continuous there.

Evaluate the endpoints: f(1)=1−21=1−2=−1f(1) = \sqrt{1} - \dfrac{2}{1} = 1 - 2 = -1, and f(4)=4−24=2−0.5=1.5f(4) = \sqrt{4} - \dfrac{2}{4} = 2 - 0.5 = 1.5. Since f(1)=−1<0f(1) = -1 < 0 and f(4)=1.5>0f(4) = 1.5 > 0, the value N=0N=0 lies strictly between f(1)f(1) and f(4)f(4).

Because ff is continuous on [1,4][1,4] and 00 is between f(1)f(1) and f(4)f(4), the Intermediate Value Theorem guarantees at least one cc in (1,4)(1,4) with f(c)=0f(c) = 0.

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