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Checking the three-part continuity test at x = -1

Consider the piecewise function d(x)={x2+2xif x<−1−1if x=−13x+2if x>−1d(x) = \begin{cases} x^2 + 2x & \text{if } x < -1 \\ -1 & \text{if } x = -1 \\ 3x+2 & \text{if } x > -1 \end{cases}

Determine whether d(x)d(x) is continuous at x=−1x = -1. To justify your answer, find d(−1)d(-1), find lim⁡x→−1d(x)\lim_{x \to -1} d(x) (by computing both one-sided limits), and compare the two values. State whether dd is continuous at x=−1x=-1, and if not, classify the discontinuity as removable, jump, or infinite.

Hint

Compute lim⁡x→−1−d(x)\lim_{x\to -1^-} d(x) using x2+2xx^2+2x and lim⁡x→−1+d(x)\lim_{x\to -1^+} d(x) using 3x+23x+2. Compare both one-sided limits to each other, and then compare the overall limit (if it exists) to d(−1)d(-1).

Step-by-step solution

First evaluate d(−1)d(-1) directly from the piecewise definition: since x=−1x=-1 falls in the middle case, d(−1)=−1d(-1) = -1. Next find the left-hand limit using the rule for x<−1x<-1: lim⁡x→−1−d(x)=(−1)2+2(−1)=1−2=−1\lim_{x\to -1^-} d(x) = (-1)^2 + 2(-1) = 1 - 2 = -1. Then find the right-hand limit using the rule for x>−1x>-1: lim⁡x→−1+d(x)=3(−1)+2=−1\lim_{x\to -1^+} d(x) = 3(-1)+2 = -1.

Since both one-sided limits equal −1-1, the overall limit exists: lim⁡x→−1d(x)=−1\lim_{x\to -1} d(x) = -1. Comparing this to d(−1)=−1d(-1) = -1, all three conditions of the continuity definition hold (d(−1)d(-1) is defined, the limit exists, and the limit equals d(−1)d(-1)), so dd is continuous at x=−1x=-1, with no discontinuity to classify.

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