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Using linearity and bounds-reversal to evaluate a combined integral

Suppose ∫15f(x) dx=8\int_1^5 f(x)\,dx = 8 and ∫15g(x) dx=3\int_1^5 g(x)\,dx = 3.

Using the given information, evaluate ∫51[2f(x)−3g(x)]dx.\int_5^1 \left[2f(x) - 3g(x)\right]dx.

Hint

First apply linearity to split the integral over [1,5][1,5] into pieces involving ∫15f(x) dx\int_1^5 f(x)\,dx and ∫15g(x) dx\int_1^5 g(x)\,dx. Then use the fact that reversing the limits of integration negates the result.

Step-by-step solution

First reverse the order of the bounds: ∫51[2f(x)−3g(x)]dx=−∫15[2f(x)−3g(x)]dx\int_5^1 \left[2f(x)-3g(x)\right]dx = -\int_1^5 \left[2f(x)-3g(x)\right]dx, since swapping the limits of a definite integral negates its value.

Now apply linearity to split the integral: ∫15[2f(x)−3g(x)]dx=2∫15f(x) dx−3∫15g(x) dx=2(8)−3(3)=7\int_1^5 \left[2f(x)-3g(x)\right]dx = 2\int_1^5 f(x)\,dx - 3\int_1^5 g(x)\,dx = 2(8) - 3(3) = 7. Therefore the original integral is −7-7.

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