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Evaluating a definite integral of sin(x) + cos(x)

Evaluate the definite integral: ∫0π/2(sin⁡(x)+cos⁡(x)) dx\int_0^{\pi/2} \big(\sin(x) + \cos(x)\big)\, dx

Hint

Find an antiderivative F(x)F(x) for sin⁡(x)+cos⁡(x)\sin(x) + \cos(x), then apply FTC Part 2 by computing F(π/2)−F(0)F(\pi/2) - F(0). Recall that the antiderivative of sin⁡(x)\sin(x) is −cos⁡(x)-\cos(x) and the antiderivative of cos⁡(x)\cos(x) is sin⁡(x)\sin(x).

Step-by-step solution

An antiderivative of sin⁡(x)+cos⁡(x)\sin(x) + \cos(x) is F(x)=−cos⁡(x)+sin⁡(x)F(x) = -\cos(x) + \sin(x), since differentiating −cos⁡(x)-\cos(x) gives sin⁡(x)\sin(x) and differentiating sin⁡(x)\sin(x) gives cos⁡(x)\cos(x). By FTC Part 2, ∫0π/2(sin⁡(x)+cos⁡(x)) dx=F(π/2)−F(0)\int_0^{\pi/2} (\sin(x)+\cos(x))\,dx = F(\pi/2) - F(0).

Evaluating, F(π/2)=−cos⁡(π/2)+sin⁡(π/2)=−0+1=1F(\pi/2) = -\cos(\pi/2) + \sin(\pi/2) = -0 + 1 = 1, and F(0)=−cos⁡(0)+sin⁡(0)=−1+0=−1F(0) = -\cos(0) + \sin(0) = -1 + 0 = -1. Using the bar notation, [−cos⁡(x)+sin⁡(x)]0π/2=1−(−1)=2\big[-\cos(x)+\sin(x)\big]_0^{\pi/2} = 1 - (-1) = 2.

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