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Evaluating a definite integral combining power and reciprocal power rules

Evaluate the definite integral using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus:

∫49(x+1x2)dx\int_4^9 \left(\sqrt{x} + \frac{1}{x^2}\right) dx

Hint

Rewrite each term with exponents: x=x1/2\sqrt{x} = x^{1/2} and 1x2=x−2\frac{1}{x^2} = x^{-2}. Find an antiderivative F(x)F(x) for each term using the power rule, then compute F(9)−F(4)F(9) - F(4).

Step-by-step solution

Rewrite the integrand as x1/2+x−2x^{1/2} + x^{-2}. Using the power rule for antiderivatives, ∫x1/2dx=23x3/2\int x^{1/2}dx = \frac{2}{3}x^{3/2} and ∫x−2dx=−x−1\int x^{-2}dx = -x^{-1}. So an antiderivative is F(x)=23x3/2−1xF(x) = \frac{2}{3}x^{3/2} - \frac{1}{x}.

By FTC Part 2, the integral equals F(9)−F(4)F(9) - F(4). Compute F(9)=23(27)−19=18−19=1619F(9) = \frac{2}{3}(27) - \frac{1}{9} = 18 - \frac{1}{9} = \frac{161}{9}, and F(4)=23(8)−14=163−14=6412−312=6112F(4) = \frac{2}{3}(8) - \frac{1}{4} = \frac{16}{3} - \frac{1}{4} = \frac{64}{12} - \frac{3}{12} = \frac{61}{12}. Subtracting, 1619−6112=64436−18336=46136\frac{161}{9} - \frac{61}{12} = \frac{644}{36} - \frac{183}{36} = \frac{461}{36}.

Identifying the FTC Part 2 evaluation expression

Hint
Step-by-step solution

The answer is F of four. By FTC Part 2, the definite integral from four to nine equals the antiderivative evaluated at the upper limit minus the antiderivative evaluated at the lower limit, that is F of nine minus F of four. In part a this gave the expression F of nine minus F of four, which was computed as eighteen minus one ninth minus the value at four.

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