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Derivative of an accumulation function with a variable upper limit

Let F(x)=∫1x311+t2 dt.F(x) = \int_1^{x^3} \frac{1}{1+t^2}\, dt. Find F′(x)F'(x).

Hint

Use FTC Part 1: if F(x)=∫ag(x)f(t) dtF(x) = \int_a^{g(x)} f(t)\,dt, then F′(x)=f(g(x))⋅g′(x)F'(x) = f(g(x))\cdot g'(x). Here f(t)=11+t2f(t) = \frac{1}{1+t^2} and g(x)=x3g(x) = x^3, so remember to multiply by g′(x)g'(x) using the chain rule.

Step-by-step solution

By FTC Part 1, if F(x)=∫ag(x)f(t) dtF(x) = \int_a^{g(x)} f(t)\,dt, then F′(x)=f(g(x))⋅g′(x)F'(x) = f(g(x)) \cdot g'(x). Here f(t)=11+t2f(t) = \dfrac{1}{1+t^2} and the upper limit is g(x)=x3g(x) = x^3, so we need both f(g(x))f(g(x)) and g′(x)g'(x).

Substituting t=x3t = x^3 into f(t)f(t) gives f(g(x))=11+(x3)2=11+x6f(g(x)) = \dfrac{1}{1+(x^3)^2} = \dfrac{1}{1+x^6}. Since g′(x)=3x2g'(x) = 3x^2, multiplying gives F′(x)=3x21+x6F'(x) = \dfrac{3x^2}{1+x^6}.

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