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General antiderivative of a power-function sum

Find the general antiderivative of f(x)=9x−1/2−2x−3.f(x) = 9x^{-1/2} - 2x^{-3}.

Hint

Rewrite each term as xnx^n with the appropriate exponent, apply the power rule for antiderivatives ∫xn dx=xn+1n+1+C\int x^n\,dx = \dfrac{x^{n+1}}{n+1}+C to each term separately, then combine and add a single constant of integration.

Step-by-step solution

Rewrite f(x)=9x−1/2−2x−3f(x) = 9x^{-1/2} - 2x^{-3} term by term so the power rule can be applied. For the first term, increase the exponent by 1: −1/2+1=1/2-1/2+1 = 1/2, so ∫9x−1/2 dx=9⋅x1/21/2=18x1/2\int 9x^{-1/2}\,dx = 9\cdot\dfrac{x^{1/2}}{1/2} = 18x^{1/2}. For the second term, −3+1=−2-3+1=-2, so ∫−2x−3 dx=−2⋅x−2−2=x−2\int -2x^{-3}\,dx = -2\cdot\dfrac{x^{-2}}{-2} = x^{-2}.

Adding these results together and including the arbitrary constant of integration gives the general antiderivative F(x)=18x1/2+x−2+C.F(x) = 18x^{1/2} + x^{-2} + C. The +C+C is essential since any constant has derivative zero, so infinitely many functions share this same derivative f(x)f(x).

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