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Rate of change of angle of elevation

A kite is flying at a height directly above a person holding the string, which is anchored at ground level where the person stands. The kite rises vertically at a constant rate of 55 ft/s. Assume the person does not move.

When 100100 ft of string is let out, the kite is directly above a point on the ground 6060 ft from the person (so the string, the vertical height, and the ground distance form a right triangle with the string as hypotenuse). Let θ\theta be the angle of elevation of the kite as seen by the person, and let hh be the kite's height. At the moment the string length is 100100 ft, how fast is θ\theta changing, in radians per second?

Hint

Since the horizontal distance from the person to the point below the kite stays fixed, relate θ\theta to hh using tan⁡θ=h/x\tan\theta = h/x with x=60x=60 constant. Differentiate both sides with respect to tt, then substitute the known height, dh/dt=5dh/dt = 5, and sec⁡2θ\sec^2\theta found from the given right triangle (100-60-80).

Step-by-step solution

Set up a right triangle with the fixed horizontal distance x=60x = 60 ft from the person to the point below the kite, height hh, and angle of elevation θ\theta. Since xx is constant, use tan⁡θ=h60\tan\theta = \dfrac{h}{60}. Differentiating both sides with respect to tt gives sec⁡2θ dθdt=160dhdt\sec^2\theta \, \dfrac{d\theta}{dt} = \dfrac{1}{60}\dfrac{dh}{dt}.

At the given instant the string is 100100 ft, x=60x=60 ft, so by the Pythagorean theorem h=1002−602=80h = \sqrt{100^2-60^2} = 80 ft. Then sec⁡θ=10060\sec\theta = \dfrac{100}{60}, so sec⁡2θ=100003600=259\sec^2\theta = \dfrac{10000}{3600} = \dfrac{25}{9}. Substituting dh/dt=5dh/dt = 5 ft/s: 259dθdt=560=112\dfrac{25}{9}\dfrac{d\theta}{dt} = \dfrac{5}{60} = \dfrac{1}{12}, so dθdt=912⋅25=3100\dfrac{d\theta}{dt} = \dfrac{9}{12\cdot 25} = \dfrac{3}{100} rad/s.

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