← Back to learning objective

Minimizing illumination intensity between two lamps

Two lamps stand 10 feet apart along a straight hallway. One lamp has intensity constant k1=8k_1 = 8 and the other has intensity constant k2=2k_2 = 2. A point on the line segment between the lamps, at distance xx feet from the first lamp (and 10−x10-x feet from the second), receives total light intensity given by I(x)=8x2+2(10−x)2I(x) = \frac{8}{x^2} + \frac{2}{(10-x)^2} for 0<x<100 < x < 10.

Find the distance xx from the first lamp (the one with k1=8k_1 = 8) at which the total intensity I(x)I(x) is minimized. What is the minimum value of I(x)I(x)?

Hint

Take the derivative I′(x)I'(x), set it equal to zero, and solve for xx within the interval 0<x<100 < x < 10. Since I(x)→∞I(x) \to \infty at both endpoints, the critical point you find must be the minimum.

Step-by-step solution

Differentiate I(x)=8x−2+2(10−x)−2I(x) = 8x^{-2} + 2(10-x)^{-2} to get I′(x)=−16x−3+4(10−x)−3I'(x) = -16x^{-3} + 4(10-x)^{-3}. Setting I′(x)=0I'(x) = 0 gives 4(10−x)3=16x3\frac{4}{(10-x)^3} = \frac{16}{x^3}, which simplifies to x3=4(10−x)3x^3 = 4(10-x)^3. Taking cube roots yields x=41/3(10−x)x = 4^{1/3}(10-x), so x(1+41/3)=10⋅41/3x(1 + 4^{1/3}) = 10\cdot 4^{1/3}.

Solving gives x=10⋅41/31+41/3≈6.13x = \dfrac{10\cdot 4^{1/3}}{1+4^{1/3}} \approx 6.13 feet. Since I(x)→∞I(x) \to \infty as x→0+x \to 0^+ or x→10−x \to 10^-, this unique critical point in (0,10)(0,10) must give the minimum. Substituting back into I(x)=8x2+2(10−x)2I(x) = \dfrac{8}{x^2} + \dfrac{2}{(10-x)^2} gives the minimum intensity, approximately I(6.13)≈0.347I(6.13) \approx 0.347.

Minimizing illumination intensity between two lamps — solution graph

Related problems

Practice similar Calculus problems interactively.

Start Closing the Gap