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Critical number, sign analysis, and classification at a cusp

Consider the function f(x)=(x−2)2/3f(x) = (x-2)^{2/3}. Note that ff has a cusp at x=2x = 2, where the derivative fails to exist.

Find the derivative f′(x)f'(x), identify the critical number(s) of ff, and use the First Derivative Test to determine the intervals on which ff is increasing and decreasing. Based on this, state whether ff has a local maximum, a local minimum, or neither at x=2x = 2.

Hint

Rewrite f(x)=(x−2)2/3f(x) = (x-2)^{2/3} and differentiate using the power rule, being careful with the resulting exponent. Determine where f′(x)=0f'(x) = 0 and where f′(x)f'(x) is undefined — both count as critical numbers. Then test the sign of f′(x)f'(x) on either side of that point.

Step-by-step solution

Differentiating, f′(x)=23(x−2)−1/3=23(x−2)1/3f'(x) = \frac{2}{3}(x-2)^{-1/3} = \dfrac{2}{3(x-2)^{1/3}}. This is never equal to zero, but it is undefined at x=2x=2, so x=2x = 2 is the only critical number.

For x<2x < 2, (x−2)1/3<0(x-2)^{1/3} < 0, so f′(x)<0f'(x) < 0, meaning ff is decreasing on (−∞,2)(-\infty, 2). For x>2x > 2, (x−2)1/3>0(x-2)^{1/3} > 0, so f′(x)>0f'(x) > 0, meaning ff is increasing on (2,∞)(2, \infty).

Since f′f' changes from negative to positive at x=2x = 2, the First Derivative Test tells us ff has a local minimum at x=2x = 2, with value f(2)=0f(2) = 0. This is consistent with the cusp shape of the graph, which points downward to a sharp corner at (2,0)(2,0).

Critical number, sign analysis, and classification at a cusp — solution graph

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